Understanding employment regulations is essential for multinational companies hiring in Turkey, as well as foreign expats working under Turkish contracts. The Turkish Labor Law (No. 4857) is highly protective of employee rights, establishing mandatory minimum benefits and strict termination procedures.
1. Written Employment Contracts
While oral agreements are technically valid, a written employment contract is mandatory for positions lasting one year or more. The contract must outline job duties, working hours (maximum 45 hours per week), salary, and benefit terms.
2. Work Permits (Çalışma İzni)
A residence permit does not grant the right to work in Turkey. Foreigners must obtain a valid work permit, sponsored by their employer, before commencing any employment. Working without a permit results in administrative fines for both employer and employee, and can lead to deportation of the foreign worker.
3. Severance Pay (Kıdem Tazminatı) & Termination Rules
Under Turkish law, employees who have worked for at least 1 year are entitled to Severance Pay if their contract is terminated without just cause, or if they resign for justified health or breach of contract reasons. Severance pay is calculated as 30 days' salary for each year of service, capped at a statutory maximum set by the government. Employers must also provide advance notice (İhbar Süresi) or pay notice compensation in lieu of notice.
For professional legal audits of employment contracts or representing your business in employment courts in Turkey, you can consult our corporate lawyers.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What are Expat Employee Rights in Turkey?
- Employment Contract: Mandatory in writing for terms of 1 year or more.
- Work Permit Check: You must not work without an active work permit sponsored by your employer.
- Working Hours: Maximum 45 hours per week, with overtime pay required beyond this.
- Severance Right: Entitled to severance pay after 1 year of continuous service.